BTW, to chime in on the 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act led by Phil Gramm: what this allowed banks to do is to securitize mortgages and then sell these securities. This is the primary driver for the mortgage crisis by creating a new type of financial product/investment vehicle that could not have otherwise been created.
Repeat this to yourself: the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, led by Phil Gramm on behalf of Citi (and other banks), allowed mortgages to be packaged into financial instruments which could be sold as an investment vehicle in the financial markets.
If there is any doubt as to what caused the crash, you only have to look and see who profited the most from the repeal of the Glass-Steagall and the consequent rise in mortgages: real estate investors, land developers, mortgage lenders, and -- of course -- banks. It's not just the poor who went over their heads, it was the middle class and even the wealthy upper class (
Foreclosures on million-dollar homes surge) lead on by this myth that housing prices will always rise so that it's okay to buy more than you can afford because you can
always cash out for a profit. Even the banks and lenders bought into this idea, fed by a few good years of insane rises in housing prices.
The fancy loans were created, in part, to create more product -- mortgages -- to sell to investors. These products were viewed as "safe" because people wouldn't want to lose their homes, would they? Besides, everyone
knew that home prices always rise, right? There's
no way these products would fail so spectacularly. Every new loan made was more product to sell to investors. Banks and mortgage lenders were giving them out like candy to anyone that wanted one. Think about this: no responsible lender in their right mind should ever provide 100% financing with nothing down. No fucking way. It was
all about creating more mortgages.
I'm not trying to blame the rich or anything like that, but the fact of the matter is that this boom was driven by greed at all levels but made possible by lobbyists for banks (in particular, Citigroup). Look at the value of financial stocks from 1999 onwards to the crash. You'll see that their stock values rose to obscene levels based in large part to the popularity of these new investment vehicles.
The blame for Clinton comes into play because he signed it into law. But what is rarely mentioned is that
it was a veto proof bill. He could not have vetoed it due to the overwhelming support for it in Congress (Citigroup spent millions of dollars lobbying for this repeal).